DIABETES MELLITUS – TYPES, CAUSES & SYMPTOMS

Diabetes Mellitus is an endocrine disorder with high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period of time. Is diabetic genetic? For few people, genetic factors are also the reason for diabetes. Diabetes in pregnancy results in health problems in infants such as hypoglycemia, respiratory distress syndrome.

TYPES OF DIABETES MELLITUS

A) TYPE 1 DIABETES

 It is a nearly absolute deficiency of insulin because of primary beta-cell destruction.

B) TYPE 2 DIABETES

It is a lack of insulin or resistance to the action of insulin. Insulin is sufficient to stabilize fat and protein metabolism, but not carbohydrate metabolism. Type 2 diabetes includes an unhealthy diet, inactive lifestyle, and obesity. Furthermore, Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a very risky condition and causes further health issues.

C) GESTATIONAL DIABETES

 Increased rate of blood glucose level during pregnancy, especially second or third trimester. Gestational diabetes is common in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Pregnant women should be checked for blood sugar between 24 and 28 weeks of gestational age via the one-hour glucose challenge test. Moreover, common risk factors of gestational diabetes are obesity, multiple gestations, previous pregnancy with gestational diabetes, glycosuria, polycystic ovarian syndrome, pregnancy-related hypertension, and use of glucocorticoids.

CAUSES OF DIABETES MELLITUS

There are two types of causes such as modified and non-modified causes. It is very essential to know about the causes of diabetes, specially modified causes. Physical activities, a balanced diet, reduce stress, stop smoking, and high-calorie beverages help to control the high blood sugar levels.

A) MODIFIED CAUSES

Lack of physical activity, Obesity, Stress, High blood pressure, Smoking, Alcohol

B) NON-MODIFIED CAUSES

Age 45 years or more, Genetic factors, Race

SYMPTOMS OF DIABETES MELLITUS

Getting knowledge about the symptoms of diabetes helps to manage or consult the physician immediately. People show any symptoms such as frequent urine, blurred vision, excessive thirst, and hunger, they must check blood glucose levels by glucometer at home or clinic as soon as possible. Apart from that, major symptoms of diabetes mellitus are Frequent urination, Increased thirst, Increased hunger, Blurred vision, poor wound healing, Weight loss, and Fatigue.

COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS

There are two types of complications such as acute and chronic complications. Those who have diabetes must be alert of the below complications so that people can take preventive measures. The main complications of diabetes mellitus are diabetic ketoacidosis, Heart diseases, Stroke, Chronic kidney failure, Nephropathy, Peripheral neuropathy, Retinopathy, and Foot ulcers. Diabetic-controlled fruits are essential for reducing diabetes, as a result, we can maintain a serene life.